Enhanced expression of anti-apoptotic proteins in human papillomavirus–immortalized and cigarette smoke condensate–transformed human endocervical cells: Correlation with resistance to apoptosis induced by DNA damage

AbstractThe methyl, multi-methyl, and ethyl derivatives of the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) were isolated from the neutrals by silicic acid chromatography, solvent partitioning and gel chromatography. The procedure yielded a relatively pure PAH isolate amenable to further identifications. The multi-alkylated PAH were concentrated in the early gel fractions with parent and higher ring PAH found in subsequent gel fractions. It was shown that CSC is very rich in alkylated PAH, and their successful identification required extensive use of gas and liquid chromatography and ultra-violet and GC - mass spectrometric techniques. High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) separated individual isomers of the alkylated PAH in complex GC peaks. PAH from indene to pentamethylchrysene were found. This report concludes our identification studies on the PAH of CSC and complements our two previous reports in this journal. Collectively, our studies have identified approximately 1000 PAH of cigarette smoke condensate and have led to the development of methods for the routine quantitation of PAH in smalI quantities of cigarette smoke condensate.

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An improved method for the isolation of rat alveolar type II lung cells: Use in the Comet assay to determine DNA damage induced by cigarette smoke

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.03.013 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 72 (1) ◽

pp. 141-149 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Annette Dalrymple ◽

Patricia Ordoñez ◽

David Thorne ◽

Debbie Dillon ◽

Clive Meredith

Keyword(s):

Dna Damage ◽

Comet Assay ◽

Cigarette Smoke ◽

Lung Cells ◽

Alveolar Type ◽

Type Ii ◽

Improved Method

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Carcinogenic Activity of Cigarette Smoke Condensate

JAMA ◽

10.1001/jama.1962.03050340006002 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 181 (8) ◽

pp. 668 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Fred G. Bock

Keyword(s):

Cigarette Smoke ◽

Cigarette Smoke Condensate ◽

Carcinogenic Activity

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Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure during Intrauterine Period, Promotes Caspase Dependent and Independent DNA Fragmentation in Sertoli-Germ Cells

ISRN Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.1155/2014/170124 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Beril Yüksel ◽

Sevtap Kilic ◽

Nese Lortlar ◽

Nicel Tasdemir ◽

Semra Sertyel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Damage ◽

Cell Count ◽

Cigarette Smoke ◽

Sertoli Cell ◽

Germ Cells ◽

Cell Apoptosis ◽

Smoke Exposure ◽

Intrauterine Life ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Objectives. To investigate the effect of cigarette smoke exposure during intrauterine period on neonatal rat testis. Methods. Twenty-five rats were randomized to be exposed to cigarette smoke with the Walton Smoking Machine or to room air during their pregnancies. The newborn male rats (n=21) were grouped as group 1 (n=15) which were exposed to cigarette smoke during intrauterine life and group 2 (n=6) which were exposed to room air during intrauterine life. The orchiectomy materials were analyzed with TUNEL immunofluorescent staining for detection of DNA damage. To detect apoptosis, immunohistochemical analyses with caspase-3 were performed. Primary outcomes were apoptotic index and immunohistochemical scores (HSCORES); secondary outcomes were Sertoli-cell count and birth-weight of rats. Results. Sertoli cell apoptosis was increased in group 1 (HSCORE =210.6±41.9) when compared to group 2 (HSCORE =100.0±17.8) (P=0.001). Sertoli cell count was decreased in group 1 (P=0.043). The HSCORE for the germ cells was calculated as 214.0±46.2 in group 1 and 93.3±10.3 in group 2 (P=0.001) referring to an increased germ cell apoptosis in group 1. The apoptotic indexes for group 1 were 49.6±9.57 and 29.98±2.34 for group 2 (P=0.001). The immunofluorescent technique demonstrated increased DNA damage in seminiferous epithelium in group 1. Conclusions. Intrauterine exposure to cigarette smoke adversely affects neonatal testicular structuring and diminishes testicular reserve.

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Tobacco exposure results in increased E6 and E7 oncogene expression, DNA damage and mutation rates in cells maintaining episomal human papillomavirus 16 genomes

Carcinogenesis ◽

10.1093/carcin/bgu156 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 35 (10) ◽

pp. 2373-2381 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

L. Wei ◽

A. M. Griego ◽

M. Chu ◽

M. A. Ozbun

Keyword(s):

Dna Damage ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Mutation Rates ◽

Tobacco Exposure ◽

Human Papillomavirus 16 ◽

Oncogene Expression ◽

E6 And E7 ◽

E7 Oncogene ◽

In Cells

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Effects of cigarette smoke condensate on the production and characterization of exopolysaccharides by Bifidobacterium

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências ◽

10.1590/0001-3765201520140518 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 87 (2) ◽

pp. 997-1005 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jinqiang Hu ◽

Tao Wei ◽

Siwen Sun ◽

Aijing Zhao ◽

Chunping Xu

Keyword(s):

Cigarette Smoke ◽

Carbohydrate Composition ◽

Cigarette Smoke Condensate ◽

Essential Factor ◽

Standard Strain ◽

Acetic Acid Production ◽

Bifidobacterium Animalis ◽

Molecular Determination

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of cigarette smoke on the production and characterization of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by Bifidobacterium. Cigarettes of Shanhua brand (nicotine: 1.1 mg, tar: 11 mg) were utilized to prepare a cigarette smoke condensate (CSC). The standard strain of Bifidobacterium animalis was cultured in MRS media under anaerobic addition of CSC. The results showed that CSC significantly decreased the growth of B. animalis as well as EPSs and acetic acid production. Furthermore, two EPSs fractions (Fr-I and Fr-II) were isolated and purified for chemical and molecular determination. By comparison with control, CSC was found to be of great impact on EPSs carbohydrate composition. The molecular weight mass of Fr-I changed from 3.33×105 g/mol (without CSC) to 2.99×105 (with CSC). In conclusion, in vitro studies revealed that CSC was directly able to affect the production of metabolites for B. animalis, which could be an essential factor in certain pathological disorders.

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